TRPM8 is the cold thermosensor…
The Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 8 (TRPM8) ion channel is expressed by approximately 10–15% of sensory neurons.
TRPM8 is the primary molecular transducer of cold somatosensation in humans, operating over the range of 8°C to 25 °C. Activation by cold or by agonists at peripheral termini leads to the generation of action potentials and, eventually, to cold perception in the brain.
… and beyond, a potential pharmaceutical target
Since its cloning in 2002, extensive research on the neurophysiological and pathological roles of TRPM8 has been conducted, identifying the receptor as a potential target for symptom relief or disease cure, far beyond its function as a thermoreceptor.
For instance, studies demonstrated that activation of TRPM8-expressing sensory fibers in the skin inhibits pain (especially in inflammatory and neuropathic conditions) and itch.
The upper respiratory tract (e.g., the throat) is highly innervated by TRPM8-expressing sensory neurons, suggesting an important physiological role in this region.
